The North Mausoleum
(Beiling)
Beiling, the biggest park of Shenyang,
covers an area of 3,300,000m2. It was the tomb of the second
emperor of the Qing Dynasty, Huangtaiji, and his wife. Its
real name is "Zhaoling". In 1927, Fentian Provincial
Government opened up the mausoleum as a park. As it is located
in the northern part of the city, it is called "Beiling
(Bei means north)". Zhaoling, the pride of Chinese ancient
architecture, is one of the historic spots in Shenyang and
a representative of cultural exchange between Han Nationality
and Man Nationality. Along with the pavement in the park stand
Beilou (building for stele), Huanbiao (the stone pillars with
stone animals on the top), Qingtianzhu (stone pillars used
to support the sky), stone elephants, stone horses, stone
camels, stone Kylin (auspicious animal in ancient time), stone
lion, and other stone animals. Fangcheng (square town) is
the main part of the mausoleum. Under the town is the tomb
of Huangtaiji and his wife. Yellow tiles on the roof and red
bricks on the wall show the royal glory and magnificence of
structure in Qing Dynasty. After the foundation of PRC, Beiling
has been well preserved and extended. There are ancient buildings
and modern entertainment facilities in the park. You can recall
the past in sight of historic spots in Beiling Park. Beiling
is the place you can never miss when you pay a visit to Shenyang.
Fuling (the East Mausoleum)
Fuling is the tomb of Nu’erhachi and his
wife. As it is 11 km from the city and is located in the northeastern
part of the city, it is also called "Dongling (Dong means
east)".
Nu’erhachi was Manchurian, and his family
name is Aixinjueluo. He used to be conferred headman of Nüzhen
Nationality (the ancestor Manchurian) in Jianzhou region.
He unified the tribes of Nüzhen Nationality and founded Jin
Regime (Post Jin in history). He had good command of Chinese
and Manchu language. He created Baqi (Eight Banners) system
and Manchu characters. For his great contribution to the development
of Manchu in the early days, he was regarded the hero of Manchu
and was buried in Fuling when he died. He was honored retroactively
as Taizu of Qing Dynasty for his great contribution in military
strategy, politics and culture after his son, Huantaiji, founded
Qing Dynasty.
Construction of Fuling began in 1629 and
1651 saw the completion. Reconstruction during the reign of
Kangxi and Qianlong formed today’s Fuling. The mausoleum faces
Hunhe River with Tianzhu Hill behind. Although the layout
of Fuling is exactly the same as Zhaoling, it has two distinguish
features but it was built on the hillside and it goes up in
the north and down in the south: first, you have to climb
108 stone steps if you want to approach it; second, the tomb
looks great and magnificent on the hillside.
Fuling is smaller than Zhaoling, but its
unique location and wonderful surroundings make it more attractive.
After your visit to Zhaoling, your visit to Fuling never makes
you feel alike. Fuling area has now been developed to a sanitarium
area.
Shenyang Imperial Palace
Shenyang Imperial Palace was built by Nu’erhachi and Haungtaiji.
Qingshizu, Fulin proclaimed emperor in the palace. Shenyang
Imperial Palace is among the list of famous historical architectures
and is one of two well-preserved architectural complexes in
China. Its history, geographical condition and Manchu characteristic
make it totally different from Beijing Imperial Palace. It
has some unique buildings in the architectural history of
China, such as golden dragon pillar in Dazheng Hall, Chongzheng
Hall, flank-lined Shiwang Pavilion, bag-shaped Qingning Palace
with the Kang built into the shape of fylfot, classical and
elegant Wensu Pavilion, Phoenix Building, and etc. Especially,
“High Palace and Low Hall” shows Manchu architectural characteristic,
and you cannot enjoy it in other places. Construction of the
palace with an area of 60,000m2 began in 1625 and was completed
in 1636. It has over 90 buildings with more than 300 rooms.
|